Pneumatic vibrator or hammer.



NQ. 850.592. 4PATBLfufElJ 11113.16, 1907 W. LEWIS.

PNEUMATIG v-IBRATOR 0R HAMMER.

, nPLxoATIoN FILED 0012.5. lbde.

4 w l l v NEN l 0 Hmm.

UNITED STATES PATENT oEEioE.

`WILFRED LEWIS, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE TABOR MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF CAMDEN, NEW JERSEY, A COR- PORATION or NEW JERSEY.

fNEUMATIC VIBRATOR OR HAMMER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented April 16, 190'?.

Application filed October 5,1908. Serial No, 337,502.

l citizen of the United States oi America, re-

siding in the city andl county of Philadelphia, in the' State of Pennsylvania', have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Pneumatic Vibrators or Hammers, of which the following is a true and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, 'which form a part thereof.

My present invention relates to pneumatic instruments, such as vibrators or hammers, and particularly to such of these instruments as are designed for relatively heavy service, and has for its main purpose the production of a vibrator or hammer which is simple in construction and reliable in operation.

One of the ob'ec-ts of my invention is .the construction an whereby they are made simple and reliable in operation and are arranged relatively. to the ports or passages controlled by them, so lthat `but little cushioning of the blow is had, and therefore a powerful jarring' blow may be struck.

I Another object of my invention is the arrangement of' the device so that the striking 'l member of the instrument is a movable cylinder member surroundinga relatively stationary piston. This permits the Weight vof the strikin member to be made as heavy as desired, W iile at the same time permitting .the instrument as a'whole to be materially smaller than Would'be the. ease if the piston 'were theinovable member.

The Various novel features of construction and arrangement which characterize my 1nvention are pointed out with particularity in the c'laimsannexed to and forming a part of .this specification. For a better understan ding' of my invention, however, and the -advantagespossessed by'it reference may be In the drawings, Figure 1 isan e'ndelcvation of a pneumatic vibrator pr hammer.

eXh austvalve.

'the' inlet-valve, and Eig. 5 is a partial section Fif 2 is' a sectional elevation, on the line 2 2 of ig. 1.' Fig. 3 is a perspective view ofthe Fig. 4 is asimilar view of arrangement of the valveson the line 5 5 of Fig.V 2 and illustrating a modified valve construction.

The instrument shown primarily designed for jarring 4castings to clean tflcm, though it is obviously capable of usc in m'auy different relations. It comprises the cylinf drical piston member A, provided at ono cnd with apertured cars A', by means of which 'the piston may bc secured to the work to be jarred. The piston member is reduced at A2 and is further reduced at A to receive .an annular member A4. `The member A4 is secured against the shoulder A5 by a lnollow nut A, screwed on thc threaded end A7 of the piston.

A cylindrical hammer member B, the body of which closely surrounds the portion AR of the piston and the member A4, is'provided with an internally-projeet-ing circumferential rib B, which is slidingl)l 'fitted on the rcducedportion A2 of the piston'. The laxial length of the rib B is shorter than thc corresponding dimension of the reduced portion A2. Axial passages 153 and B3 are formed in the flange B. An exhaust-passage I3* coin- Inunic-ates with tl'ie passage BL. between its ends, and an inlet-passage B5 communicates with 'the passage B3 between its ends. A valve member C is located in the passage B2 and a valve menibcr D in the passage B3. The valve C comprises cylioiiical portions C, adapted toplosc the ends inthe passage B2 .and a con1iectin;-bo ly portion (l of rcduced cross-section. The valve I) comprises a cylindrical central portion D', fitting the passage I3 and havingy reduced end or stem portions DE. Each of these valves may be formed by cutting; away portions of a cylindrical har, as shown best in lfigrs. 3 and 4. Instead of being ilattencd the stem portions of both valves may la aveaxial grooves formed in their periphery, as the grooves C in the stem of the valve C. (Shown in Fig. 5.)

As shown, the two valve 'members are of thf saine length. l`l ,distancc between the IOO a reservoir A1", formed in the nut A and containing lubricating material are provided for vLII lubricating the'surfaces of contact between the rib B' and portion A2. The .passages B2 and B3 preferably lead from enlarged portions of the passages B* B5. In the form shown, these passages are cylindrical and the passages B and B5, which are of greater diameter than the passages B2 and B3, extendv through the latter, as shown best in Fig. 5.

The operation of the device may be readily understood from Fig. 2. I In the position showai'the valves are arranged to permit air to pass from the port B5 to the cylinder-space B at'tlie right-hand end cf the iib VB', While at the same time air may exhaust from the f cylinder-space B1 at the left-,hand end cf t'lie rib rB through the port B4. lThis tends to move the cylinder B tothe left, as seen in Fig. 2. It will be observed thatl both valves are held in the `position Ishown in Which they engage the left-handend of the Wall. of the recess in which the rib isgajrlially movable by the pressure in thefportioircf Ithis recess at the right cf the rib. .-sthl'ediammer mem- 'bei' approaches thev liimift its movement "to the left the valvemember D first closes the communication between the right-hand end of the valve-passage Baand the inletfport B5- and then opens communication between the.

port B5 and the left-hand end cf the valvepassage B3. -f-During the same period a rela* tive movement between the hammer mcirb ber and the valve (l is produced, which closes the' communication between the spa-ce B7' l and the exhaiistfpcrt B4 and opens commu nication between. the oxliaiistfspace B and 'the exhaust-pcrt B4. After the lefthand end portion C has entered the corresponding end of the valve-passage B2 there a t sbr ioning, due to the compression of the working fluid then in the space B7. This cushioi'iii'ig' ycan be reduced to a minimum by cutting awa the outer-ends of the eiid portions C". In t is case itit is desired to preserve the Same relation between the inlet ande'xnaust valves the ends of the inlet-valve l) should be correspondingly cut away. By varying the -relative lengths of the two end portions C =tlie blow due-to the movement of the movable member inay, if desired, be cushioned in one direction more than that due to the movement in the oppositedirectiiin.

As soon as the space B. is connected to cx-.

"haust'the {luid-pressure in the space Bi Vcauses thevalye members to be moved into e engagement with the member A, Where they harnmermember, and with this .coristructionV I am able to increaseA the Weight 'of 'the striking member without increasing the'biilk et areheld by the fluid-pressure until the hammer member approaches the limit .of its movement towar the right. A In the particular. form of' my invention disclosed the cylindrical member B is the -fective and reliable.

' states v lthe instrument, as would be necessary if the vmember A wereth'e hammer member. It is obvious, however, that the, novel valve 'are rangement disclosed is not necessarilylimited4 l lto this form of hammer.

The construction shownand described has been found in actual practice to be highlyef' It will be obvious, howsl ever, to those skilled in the art that changes' may be made in the form'o my inventionV without departing from .its spirit, andl I do not Wlsh the claims "hereinafter made. to 'be .limited to tliepa'rticular embodiment disclosed more than is made Seite of the art.

Having now describedl my e I claim as new, and desire to secure by Let necessary by the j,

. .fg-se vention, what- 1. In a fIudaCt-uated hammering device,

a relatively stationary member having 'a ref cessformed in its outer surface, a tubularl vhammer siirrounding'said stationary member and provided' with an inwardly-projectingportioii entering said recess and axially movable therein, and means for alternately admitting fluid under pressure/to said recess at one side cf said projectionand exhausting" thefluid so admitted.

2. In a fluid-.actuated hai'rirering device;

a relatively stationary cylindrical member, having a circumferentially-extending r'eces'i` formed in its peri hery, a tubular'liainmei" member siirroiin ing the tirst-mentionedf.= member and provided with an inwardly#eli-' tending circumferential 'rib' entering.4 and 'rod axially movable ifi-said recess and` rne'ans'for Y alternately connecting the portions of the recess at opposite sides of the projection'to a source of fluid under pressure and while one of said portions is so connected eichaiistin the fluid from the other iortion. 3. Inl atiiiid-actuated hammering device;i a member having a recess formed in its outer'f surface, a tubular member surroundingthe inst-mentioned member and providedV with an inwardlypro}ecting portion enteringsaid recess and relatively movable therein. in anaxi'al direction, means for alternately admiteting fluid under pressure to said recese at one side of said projection 'and exhausting the-- fluid so admitted, said projection havin valve-passages formed in it and valvemem' bers located in said passagesaiid actuated-"w jointly. by the fluid-pressure in the recess and"4 movement of one nomber relative. to th* other to control the admission and exhaust."

4 .In combination, a cylindrical member having a circumferentialrecess formed in its periphery,` a tiiliiilai-inciiilier surrounding said. cylindrical member and rovidc'd with 'anr inwardly-projecting rib or ange entering recess and axially movable therein, said communicating with an inlet-port formed in av'iiig a yalvespassageformed in 'it ex i tending axially from end to end of the rib5aridf' 'y mcmboi' located in said passage sind providcd the Woll of the tubular mcmbcr sind n volvo with zi cylindrical body portion fitting,r sind passage 'and rcdiicod oiid portions, sind body ond ciid portions boing-so orritngod that tlio inovonicnt of ono innmlger to tlic limit ol' its ino vement relativo to tli: other in eitlioi dil motion causes the volvi-i iiieinbcr to cngzigo said cylindrical inenibcr und bo moved to tid-- initlluid from the inlt-port tothe proper ond ol the, recess, to produce tlio return i'novc` g iiiont of tlic lianimer inoinbcr. i 5, fin coin b'iiiation, a tu billar 'member provid-cd with an inner circuinlirciitial llongo or rib, a member surronndcd ly said tubular ,l

l l l ii'iomber find provided Witli o recess in which s "l rib is received and is axially iiiovnlile, l Mid rib having im axially-extending volvo i {'iiissogc formed in it, or. exliz'tiist-vnlvoin :timid piissiige, said cizlonstwolvc portions adopte-d to closc tlic corresponding-l oiids ol" tlie volvo-passage, .and i rrducod body portion of o length substantially equal i to tlicitiiiolincss of the rib. l [n combination, n tiiliiilnr lioiiiiiier l iiioii'ibvr provided wit-li iin iiii'ior riiciiinli-rmitiiil llniigo or ril), it i'glzitivily stiitioiiiirv iiionibcr surrounded bjr sind liiiiiiiiiir iiiiiii`- l berziiid provided with ii i'ocoss in which said ril) is rccoivcd :ind liitwcoii tls@ und iviills of Wl-ioli sftifl'rib is nxiiilliY iiiorolili, .sind rib liiivingg,l im iixinl i-'iilvo-piissirgc lfii'iiicil. in it 5 coiniiiiinii-:liing lint-woon its oiids` .i'itli :in oxliiiiist-port, :ind nii i\xlisiiisl\z1l.' iii smid pas sngi, soiil oxliiiiistwi'iilvo roiiil'iiisiiig rml poitioiis ndiiptw'l t-o vlosi tliii-iiii'ispoiiiliiigr [nids olf tlic vulve-passing* und n. comuni-ting' stiii'i 7. .liicoiiiliiiiiition, :i tiiliiilni iiiciiilwilpi'o- 'v idod with nii iiiiiii' 'ii'i'iiiiil'ii'i-iiliiil llniigo or inomber surroimded by comprising and bor and provided With o recess in which snidrib, n nio'iiibcr surrounded by said tubular 'nioiiibilr und provided with ii i'icoss in which sind iili is rccoivcd and' lictwccn tlioY ond Walls sziid rib is inoviililc, sind tubular ,1,

of wliicli inoii'ibcr li'ziving ai valvc-piissiigc Forrnodin it oxtriiding between oiipositcsidcs of' said rib and lim/'ing an iiilct-port commun'icgitingr witl'i snidmvalvopossitgo bctivccn its endo, :ind an iiiltwalve in said 'vnlvpassngo pro-- 'vided with a. body portion filling the passaggi-z und of i `length snilioicnt to close the inlet@l port', und und stern portions, said ond por'- tioiis being of such alengtli that they project beyond tliesides of the 4rib Wlientlic body portion is m n position to close tlie1nlt-port- 8. In ooiiil'iinotion, a tubulin` 'hammer inoi'nber provided with :in inner circuinferri tial flange or rib and a relotivcly stationary sind hammer mem rib is received u nd between the end'wallso f ivliicli the, rib is axially movable, saidribh'av ing ixiiillyrxtendi'ng inlet and, outlet volvo passages fori'riedin it, valve members in said viilvv-pnssii-grcs con trolling theiadmilssion of o working fluid to :nid its exhaust from tho portion of tlio rcccss ot noch side of the rib,- sii-id volvcsboing so arranged tliat the move inciit olI the hammer iiieinbor to itsl nim-'ciment in one diicction causes the riilvcs to be actua-tod to produce tliretnrii inovoiiiiiiit of tlic liominor, ind so that tho f lliiid noting on tlm-valves tinds' to liold tlieiii in tliiposition into which tlicy lia-vo moved iiiitil tlio Iiiiiiiiiiir approaches tlio limit of its i'novvinciit iii flic oppositt` dircution.4

W ILFRE'D LEWIS. ,'Witncssos:

ARN-om KATZ, l). S'iswiiirr.'

the limit ol f 

